使用linux diff命令进行文档比较
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0 字 / 约 0 分钟
2010/12/11
一行命令、一页参数，快速搞定文本/网表/规则文件对比。
1. 最常用：三行搞定
bash
diff file1 file2 # 直接看差异
diff file1 file2 > result.txt # 结果重定向
diff -u file1 file2 # 统一格式（patch 常用）2. 场景速配
| 需求 | 命令示例 |
|---|---|
| 只看是否不同 | diff -q file1 file2 |
| 忽略空格/空行 | diff -bB file1 file2 |
| 忽略大小写 | diff -i file1 file2 |
| 递归比较目录 | diff -r dir1 dir2 |
| 并排显示 | diff -y --suppress-common-lines file1 file2 |
| 生成补丁 | diff -uNr old/ new/ > fix.patch |
3. 关键参数速记
| 参数 | 作用 |
|---|---|
-u / -U N | 统一上下文 N 行（patch 友好） |
-y | 左右并列，一眼对齐 |
-r | 递归目录 |
-b / -w | 忽略空格 / 所有空白 |
-B | 忽略空行 |
-i | 忽略大小写 |
-q | 仅给出“是否不同”的结论 |
--exclude=*.bak | 跳过备份文件 |
4. 结果速读
2c2 # 第 2 行被 change
3a4 # 第 3 行后 add 一行
5d4 # 第 5 行被 delete统一格式 -u 输出可直接用 patch 应用。
5. 实例：IC 版图常用
bash
# 使用linux diff命令进行文档比较
diff -u top.v.old top.v.new > top.patch
# 2) rule 文件忽略空格
diff -b rule1.drc rule2.drc
# 3) 目录递归，跳过 .svn
diff -r --exclude=.svn rtl_old rtl_new | less记住 diff -u 和 diff -y，日常 90 % 场景全搞定。